Foetal heart monitor uses magnetism to identify abnormal heart rhythms

14 November 2013

A device that records the natural magnetic activity of the heart of foetuses can help identify abnormal heart rhythms in unborn babies.

It was used in a study to document the electrical aspects of a condition called 'long QT syndrome' in the womb, which is a common cause of sudden death in infants and stillbirth.

The research has been published in the American Heart Association journal Circulation.

The study is the first to document the electrophysiological characteristics of foetal long QT syndrome and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the magnetic EKG, or magnetocardiogram, in a sizable population of at-risk foetuses.

“Until now, physicians were unable to diagnose a serious heart condition known as long QT syndrome until after birth,” said Ronald T. Wakai, PhD, principal investigator of the study and a professor of medical physics at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health in Madison.

“Our study shows that you can diagnose the condition in utero and identify which foetuses are most likely to have life-threatening arrhythmia. We also showed that once detected the arrhythmia can be effectively treated in utero.”

Long QT syndrome is present in about one in every 2,000 births and accounts for about 10% of sudden infant deaths and unexplained stillbirths, Wakai said. It’s also a leading cause of sudden death in children and young adults. Long QT predisposes the heart to develop a potentially lethal heart rhythm, but foetuses can be successfully treated if the rhythm is identified.

Using the magnetic EKG, the researchers diagnosed long QT in the womb with 89% accuracy.

The researchers evaluated 30 pregnancies in 1996-2012 in Wisconsin and at two locations in Japan. They chose patients based on a family history of long QT syndrome, unexplained death of a sibling in infancy or childhood, or a suspicious foetal heart rhythm. They then collected data positioning a probe on the mother’s abdomen as early as midway through the pregnancy.

Long QT syndrome was diagnosed in 21 of the foetuses. Six of the foetuses had dangerous heart rhythms and one was delivered early after ominous rhythms were noted.

Magnetic EKGs will be put into practical use in the “not-too-distant future,” but an accurate and complete family history remains the most critical aspect of diagnosing long QT syndrome, Wakai said.

Reference

Ronald T. Wakai, Ph.D et al, In Utero Diagnosis of Long QT Syndrome by Magnetocardiography. Circulation. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004840

 

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