Diagnostic imaging  

Fractals improve detection of breast cancer

8 August 2006

Boca Raton, Fla., USA and Bremen, Germany. Researchers from the USA and Germany have developed new techniques for the the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. They have developed and piloted a unique software platform for the analysis and display of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the breast.

The researchers are from Florida Atlantic University, the Center for Breast Care at the Women's Center at Boca Raton Community Hospital, and MeVis, The Center for Diagnostic Systems and Visualization at the University of Bremen, Germany.

The  software, which has been approved by the US FDA, was developed at MeVis, The Center for Diagnostics Systems and Visualization, under the direction of Dr. Heinz-Otto Peitgen, who is also a faculty member in the department of mathematical sciences at FAU's Charles E. Schmidt College of Science. Peitgen used the mathematical concept of fractals to begin developing this unique software.

"Fractals are large, irregular geometric patterns made up of infinitely smaller, but identical, irregular patterns," said Peitgen. "Fractal theory provided an appropriate platform upon which to build the software program because the ducts within human breast tissue have fractal properties."

Breast MRI is a relatively new tool used by physicians to diagnose breast cancer as an adjunct to conventional mammography. Breast MRI displays the behaviour of a cancerous lesion in three dimensions and approaches a nearly 100% accuracy rate in the detection of invasive cancer. In contrast, mammography provides a two-dimensional view of the breast and surrounding tissue and only detects 80 to 85% of tumours. One of the main strengths of MRI is its precise delineation of soft tissue and its ability to image the breast in fine sections dynamically by taking multiple MRI images over time. The percentage of medical centres doing breast MRI is small, but growing.

A recent study spearheaded by Dr. Kathy Schilling, medical director of Imaging and Intervention at the Center for Breast Care at the Women's Center at Boca Raton Community Hospital, was published in The American Journal of Radiology and entitled Assessment of Suspected Breast Cancer by MRI — A Prospective Clinical Trial Using a Combined Kinetic and Morphologic Analysis. Findings of this study showed that in over 30% of patients there were additional tumours in the same breast, and in almost 10% of the patients there were tumours in the opposite breast.

"These tumours were not found using mammography or ultrasound," said Schilling. "We also found a resulting change in the course of treatment in nearly 25% of patients undergoing surgery for newly diagnosed breast cancer." In addition, findings from this study showed that MRI directed biopsies using computational clinical imaging led to definitive conclusions, demonstrating the clinical utility of this unique approach.

According to Dr. Roger Goldwyn, faculty member in FAU's department of mathematical sciences and director of the proposed Center for the Development of Computational Clinical Imaging at FAU, "Our approach is to use innovative image-processing tools to find additional tumours and to help determine patient management outcomes. These techniques have also led to biopsies directed by these image-processing tools, surgical planning modifications, and monitoring effectiveness of chemotherapy."

"Our researchers at FAU will continue to conduct clinical evaluations and collaborate with the Center for Breast Care and MeVis to further develop these tools for use by clinicians in more routine settings in order to have a wider impact on patient care," said Dr. Larry F. Lemanski, vice president for research at FAU.

American women have a one in nine chance of developing breast cancer during their lifetime. Early detection is the single most effective tool in fighting breast cancer. The sooner the cancer is detected, the more options a woman has for treatment and the better her chance for survival. Methods for detection include mammography — a safe, low-dose x-ray of the breast — that can be a vital tool in helping to discover small lumps up to two years before they can be felt in a physical exam. With mammography, however, only 80 to 85% of tumours are detected, leaving 15-20% of tumours undetected. These undetected tumours will enlarge and become more lethal before they are identified in a later screening or when they become clinically apparent.

Links

MeVis
http://www.mevis.de/home/news/

 

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